In recognition of National Prevention Week, Travis Sutter, PharmD, Aultman addiction medicine and complex pain pharmacist, discusses what to look for when you suspect someone is struggling with mental health or substance misuse.

Mental health concerns and substance misuse have touched every part of the globe and affect people in all communities. Unfortunately, many individuals struggle silently due to the stigma surrounding mental health and substance use.

Reducing the stigma and increasing awareness of risk factors can play a major role in helping people connect with resources early. When people with mental health and substance misuse concerns seek early intervention, they often have better outcomes.

Fortunately, there are basic tools and skills that all members of the community can use to identify those at risk and encourage others to engage in care.

Recognizing Risk Factors

By familiarizing ourselves with common risk factors, we can increase rates of early detection and early intervention. Here are common risk factors for mental health problems, as identified by the American Mental Wellness Association:

• Biophysical: family history, chronic medical conditions, poor sleep and use of substances
• Psychological: increased stress, traumatic events and low self-esteem
• Social: abusive relationships, loss of a loved one and lack of support

Here are common risk factors for substance misuse, identified by American Addiction Centers:

• Biophysical: chronic pain and family history
• Psychological: mental health problems, grief, trauma and increased stress
• Social: peer pressure, exposure to environments where substances are used and lack of support

Keep in mind that mental health and substance use are complex and are not the result of a single risk factor.

Spotting the Signs and Symptoms

When looking for signs and symptoms of mental health and substance use, it is important to notice changes. This can include changes in behavior, daily functioning and mood.

According to the American Psychiatric Association, the following can be mental health warning signs: decline in school/work functioning, problems with concentration, unusual or odd behavior, mood changes, irritability, sleep or appetite changes and loss of motivation or desire to engage in activities.

The American Addiction Centers identify the following as common signs of substance misuse: taking higher amounts or more frequent use of substance, increased tolerance, using substances to numb emotions, withdrawing from hobbies and experiencing mood changes when not using.

Many times, mental health struggles and substance misuse occur together, making recognition and supportive listening vital.

Taking Action

Identifying these risk factors and signs and symptoms can be vital in early detection and early intervention. Remember that it is not your job to “fix” the problem; your role is to observe, listen and provide support to those who are struggling.

One of the most impactful yet simple things you can do is allow the person to share in a judgment-free zone. By creating an avenue of communication and openness, you can encourage individuals to seek professional support and help them find resources.

If someone expresses thoughts or statements concerning self-harm, suicide or overdose or appears impaired, seek immediate help. You can call or text the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline at 988. In emergencies, call 911.

By detecting warning signs and responding empathetically and compassionately, we can create a community where people feel safe and supported to seek help.

Sources:
American Addiction Centers
American Mental Wellness Association
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration