Sepsis is a life-threatening condition affecting more than 30 million people worldwide each year, but many people do not know what it is. Simply put, sepsis is an abnormal immune response to infection.

With sepsis, the immune response is no longer local to the initial infection. Instead, it is widespread, affecting all organ systems. This response can potentially lead to tissue hypoxia – when there isn’t enough oxygen in tissues to keep the body functioning properly – and organ dysfunction or failure. In extreme cases such as septic shock, it can lead to death.

What Causes Sepsis?

All infections can lead to sepsis, but the most common causes are bacterial infections such as:

• Urinary tract infections
• Pneumonia
• Soft tissue infections such as cellulitis

People older than age 65 or younger than age 1, as well as those with chronic conditions such as diabetes, lung disease, a weakened immune system or chronic kidney disease, tend to be more susceptible.

In addition, people who have had a recent medical procedure or hospital stay or a history of sepsis, as well as those with indwelling catheters (urinary catheters, IVs, implanted ports, dialysis access) tend to have a higher risk of sepsis.

What are the Symptoms of Sepsis?

There are a wide range of symptoms, but the most commonly reported symptoms are:

• Fevers
• Chills
• Confusion
• Lethargy
• Rapid breathing
• Fast heart rate
• Low blood pressure
• Extreme pain

Sepsis is a medical emergency. “If you experience any symptoms of sepsis accompanying signs of an infection, it is very important that you seek treatment immediately,” said Chelsea Szaniszlo, Aultman sepsis coordinator in the intensivist program. “The risk of mortality and morbidity increases up to 8% each hour that treatment is delayed, so time is of the essence.”

What is the Treatment for Sepsis?

Treatment can change with the severity of sepsis, but the most important treatment measure is antibiotics. Antibiotics should be started as soon as an infection is suspected, and they should be taken as prescribed for the duration of treatment.

Other treatment measures consist of drawing blood for blood cultures and assessing the white blood cells, lactate and IV fluids. Some people may need medications to increase their blood pressure.

How Can You Prevent Sepsis?

• Seek medical care quickly when feeling ill – do not wait.
• Practice good hygiene such as brushing your teeth daily and washing your hands before eating or when they are soiled.
• Get proper skin checks for wounds or infection.
• Adhere to your yearly medical checks and vaccinations as recommended.