The winter blues aren’t unusual. But if you’re feeling persistently sad or empty as the days grow shorter, you could be experiencing seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Here’s what you need to know about recognizing SAD and seeking treatment.

Causes of SAD

According to the National Institutes of Health, symptoms of winter SAD usually start in the late fall or early winter. Episodes generally last around five months, easing up in late spring or early summer.

Researchers don’t know the exact causes of winter SAD. Some research suggests that the shorter hours of daylight may lead to decreased levels of serotonin, a brain chemical that helps regulate mood. At the same time, other studies suggest that some people with SAD produce too much melatonin during winter, which can increase sleepiness and lead to oversleeping. Vitamin D deficiency may also contribute to SAD.

SAD can affect anyone, but it is more common in women than in men and tends to appear beginning in young adulthood. People living farther north of Earth’s equator are at higher risk for experiencing SAD. Other risk factors for SAD include a pre-existing mental illness or a family history of mental illness such as depression, bipolar disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, eating disorder, anxiety disorder or panic disorder.

Symptoms of SAD

Talk with your healthcare provider if you’re experiencing any of these symptoms for two or more weeks:

• Persistent sad or empty mood.

• Feelings of hopelessness.

• Feelings of irritability or worthlessness.

• Loss of interest in hobbies or activities.

• Decreased energy.

• Physical pains without a clear physical cause that don’t go away with treatment.

• Sleeping too much or too little.

• Appetite changes, including overeating or poor appetite.

• Difficulty concentrating.

• Thoughts of death or suicide. If you or someone you know is thinking about hurting themselves, call or text the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline at 988.

Treatment for SAD

If you’re experiencing symptoms of SAD, try the following activities:

• Engage in hobbies.

• Go outside when the sun is shining. Open blinds and drapes to let as much sunshine as possible into your home.

• Spend time with friends and family.

• Maintain a healthy diet.

• Get enough physical activity.

See your doctor if symptoms persist for more than two weeks. Treatment may include:

• Light therapy. The primary treatment for SAD, light therapy helps with issues caused by the shorter hours of daylight in the winter.

• Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). CBT is a type of talk therapy that addresses psychological issues underlying SAD, particularly thoughts and habits that may worsen the condition.

• Antidepressant medications, used alone or together with other treatments.

If you are looking for a primary care provider, Aultman Medical Group Primary Care has more than 80 providers ready to take care of you and your family. Many of our offices are accepting new patients – and more than likely, we have a location in your community.

Visit aultman.org/NewDoc to find a provider in your area who is accepting new patients, or call the new patient hotline at 330-433-1264 for assistance with scheduling your appointment.

Sources:
National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Mental Health
The StayWell Company, LLC